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8 Things to Know About Caribbean Folklore Month

By
Hannah Gulics
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8 Things to Know About Caribbean Folklore Month

Every October, Caribbean Folklore Month honors the traditions, legends and myths that are a unique part of the Caribbean identity. Though the movement to celebrate folklore in October had been around for a while, it was officially established in 2021 by Caribbean Books Foundation. Since then, various Caribbean nations, communities, authors and poets at home and abroad have dedicated October to showcasing their take on classic folk stories, traditions and beliefs.

With influences from the international cultures that make up a melting pot, Caribbean folklore is a reflection of the region’s diverse heritage and continued cultural amalgamation. Here’s some of what you should know:

1. About Caribbean Folklore Month

Caribbean Folklore Month highlights the importance of preserving oral traditions and cultural narratives passed down through generations. Stories about characters like the trickster Anancy who is recognized in many Caribbean countries, mischievous Bacoo primarily found in the Dominican Republic or the daunting Heartman of Barbados entertain while also serving as tools for education, social unity and cultural preservation. 

2. Cultural Melting Pot of Folklore

Caribbean folklore is a unique blend of influences. West African stories and deities brought over by enslaved peoples, merged with Indigenous Caribbean tales and European colonial myths to create a folklore that is unlike any other. Post-colonial migrations from India and China further enriched these narratives, adding layers of complexity to Caribbean storytelling traditions. After being passed down for generations, with each country adding in their own twists and turns, Caribbean folklore has an even more complex web of narratives. 

3. Connection to Spirituality

Many Caribbean folklore stories have strong spiritual or religious undertones. The influence of African spiritual practices, such as Obeah, Voudon and Orisha, are evident in tales about spirits, possession, and magic. These stories reflect a worldview where the supernatural and the physical worlds are closely intertwined, and they often serve as a way to explain life’s mysteries.

4. Popular Figures in Caribbean Folklore

Some of the most iconic characters in Caribbean folklore have their roots in African and Indigenous traditions. They include:

  • Anancy: Originally from West African folklore, Anancy is the trickster spider known for his cunning and mischief. Though small, Anansi frequently outsmarts larger, more powerful animals in his tales.
  • La Diablesse: A figure from French creole folklore, La Diablesse is a beautiful woman with one cloven hoof. She lures men into the forest, where they become lost forever. Her story serves as a cautionary tale against temptation and deceit.
  • Duppy / Jumbie: A malevolent ghost or spirit in British-Caribbean folklore, the duppy or jumbie is believed to cause illness or death if not properly appeased. These spirits are often believed to dwell in silk cotton trees, places of traditional significance across many Caribbean islands.

5. Folklore’s Role in Identity and Education

Caribbean folklore plays a crucial role in educating children about cultural values, norms and societal expectations. While certain “facts” may change during each retelling, common themes in these stories include moral lessons, explanations for natural phenomena, and tales of trickery. Despite their differences, universal messages about humanity, community and the battle between good and evil prevail. 

Storytelling in this tradition has historically been an oral practice, with stories shared by elderly members of the community around fires, particularly in rural areas. In modern times, these stories are shared in books, plays, events and even digital media, ensuring their survival in the face of globalization.

6. Caribbean Folklore’s Influence on Literature, Art and Culture

The rich narratives of Caribbean folklore have significantly influenced Caribbean literature, art and theater. Writers such as renowned St. Lucian poet Derek Walcott, Barbadian poet Kamau Brathwaite, and British novelist Jean Rhys, who grew up in Dominica, have drawn heavily on Caribbean myths and legends in their works, often using folklore as a metaphor to explore themes of identity, colonialism and resistance.

8 Things to Know About Caribbean Folklore Month
The Soucouyant
(Art by Gemgfx on DeviantArt)

Visual artists and musicians have also embraced these themes, using folklore to explore the region’s history and to create a distinct Caribbean arts aesthetic. The characters and stories of folklore appear in Trinidadian Calypso music, the Jamaican folk sound of Mento, and other colloquial folk music genres from around the region. 

Popular events in the Caribbean often trace their origins to local folklore. Many believe that the pre-dawn, chaotic tradition of J’ouvert, which started in Trinidad & Tobago, may be linked to legends of the soucouyant — a shape-shifting, blood-sucking witch who sheds her skin at night to feed on her victims. According to folklore, the soucouyant must slip back into her skin before dawn, but if someone sprinkles salt on her discarded skin, she becomes trapped, unable to re-enter, which some say explains the revelry, disruption and messiness of J’ouvert’s early hours.

7. Global Celebrations of Caribbean Folklore Month

While Caribbean Folklore Month is mainly celebrated in the islands, the diaspora communities in places like the United States, Canada and the UK also join in. These celebrations often include storytelling festivals, exhibitions and performances, giving people from the Caribbean and beyond a chance to connect with this essential aspect of Caribbean culture.

8 Things to Know About Caribbean Folklore Month
Story and Myth founder Kristie Stephenson

In New York, for example, the Caribbean Cultural Center African Diaspora Institute hosts events throughout October. Similarly, in South Florida, Island SPACE Caribbean Museum has previously organized a “Malloween” and Caribbean folklore event with Story and Myth founder, Kristie Stephenson. This year, the Caribbean Books Foundation is continuing their digital efforts started in years past with “31 Days of Caribbean Folklore,” sharing a new book or author every day throughout October 2024. 

8. Key Events and Festivals

To celebrate Caribbean Folklore Month, several festivals and events take place across the islands and beyond. Notable among these are:

Caribeando: Caribbean Folk and Traditional Music and Dance Performance

  • October 8, 2024
  • 5pm to 6:30pm
  • Van Cortlandt House Museum, Bronx, NY
  • This interactive performance by Juan Usera and the Sambuco Tribe will showcase traditional Caribbean rhythms like Bomba, Plena, Nengón and Changuí, allowing participants to engage in storytelling, songs, dance and drum patterns as part of the broader Caribbean Folk Songs for Kids of All Ages (CFSKAA) Project.

Pompano Beach Caribbean Fest

  • October 19, 2024
  • 5pm to 10pm
  • Pompano Community Park, Pompano Beach, FL
  • For those who are local, the 3rd Annual Pompano Beach Caribbean Fest promises a celebration of Caribbean culture with food, music and colorful performances. Headlined by Trinidadian soca sensation Nailah Blackman, the free festival also features DJ sets and live performances, offering a fun-filled day for all ages.

Film and Folklore Festival: October-Fest Caribbean Edition

  • October 26–27, 2024
  • Caribbean Cinemas, Trincity, Trinidad & Tobago
  • Get ready for the first-ever October Fest-Caribbean Edition at the Film and Folklore Festival, with an open call for Caribbean filmmakers to submit their works in folklore, Caribbean living and other genre films.

Island SPACE Caribbean Book Fair: Family Day and General Event

  • October 26–27, 2024
  • Island SPACE Caribbean Museum, Plantation, Florida
  • This inaugural two-day festival celebrates Caribbean literature and culture with a diverse range of activities for all ages. With readings, workshops, panels, activities and lyrical showcases, day 1 appeals to kids and young adults, while day 2 appeals to a general audience.

The Sweet History of Caribbean Rum Cake and Black Cake

By
Hannah Gulics
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As the holiday season approaches, the Caribbean comes alive with traditions, one of the most cherished being the baking of rum cake and black cake. These delectable desserts are more than just holiday treats, they are symbols of the region’s history, culture and communal spirit. This year, Island SPACE Caribbean Museum is set to celebrate the tradition of these traditional delights with the third annual Rum Cake and Caribbean Black Cake Fest, where the flavors of the season will be front and center. But until then, let’s take a look at the history and significance of these sweet treats.

The Origins of Rum Cake

The Sweet History of Caribbean Rum Cake and Black Cake

A popular dessert in many Caribbean households, rum cake has its roots in the region’s colonial past. Rum cake is typically a light, airy pound cake soaked in a sweet rum sauce to make a moist, boozy and flavorful dessert. 

The tradition is believed to come from travelers from Spain and England, where sailors would preserve fruit cakes and puddings with rum. Rum production began in the Caribbean in the 17th century, with the establishment of sugar plantations. The byproduct of sugar production, molasses, was fermented and distilled to create rum, which quickly became a staple in Caribbean households and an integral part of the region’s economy and culture. Incorporating rum into cake recipes was a natural progression, and thus, the rum cake was born.

Over time, these customs were adapted by enslaved people and local populations, who infused the recipes with other local ingredients and their own spices.

The Tradition of Caribbean Black Cake

The Sweet History of Caribbean Rum Cake and Black Cake

Black cake, also known as Christmas cake, fruit cake, or plum pudding in different parts of the Caribbean, is another beloved holiday dessert with a storied history. Unlike rum cake, black cake is typically dense, dark, and rich, made with a mixture of dried fruits such as raisins, currants, prunes, and cherries that have been soaked in port wine or rum, sometimes for up to a year.

The origins of black cake can be traced back to the British plum pudding, which was brought to the Caribbean by colonizers. Over time, the Caribbean people transformed the pudding into their own version by incorporating local spices, locally-made port wine, rum, and other ingredients. The cake’s dark color comes from the use of burnt sugar, molasses or “browning,” which adds depth of flavor and the characteristic hue.

In the English-speaking Caribbean, black cake is more than just a dessert, it’s a symbol of celebration, often associated with Christmas and weddings. The preparation of black cake is also often a communal activity, with families coming together to mix, bake, and share the cake during the holiday season.

Celebrating the Tradition at Island SPACE’s Rum Cake and Black Cake Fest

This year, Island SPACE Caribbean Museum, Caribbean Professionals Network and various local bakers, are bringing the traditions of rum cake and black cake to South Florida with their third annual Rum Cake and Caribbean Black Cake Fest. Taking place on Sunday, October 20th, 2024, this event offers a unique opportunity to savor the flavors of the Caribbean while kicking off the holiday season in style.

For a donation of just $15 pre-sold or $20 at the door, attendees will have the chance to sample a variety of rum and black cakes, each representing the culinary traditions of 16 different Caribbean countries, including Barbados, Belize, Curacao, Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Trinidad & Tobago, the Virgin Islands and more. As Caribbean holiday music fills the air, guests can explore the museum, learn about Caribbean history, culture, and art, and decide which cake will grace their Thanksgiving and Christmas tables this year.

Yes, Men Get Breast Cancer Too

By
Hannah Gulics
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0

When people think of breast cancer, it’s usually seen as a women’s health issue. While this non-communicable disease accounts for less than 1% of all breast cancer cases, male breast cancer is a reality. It often goes overlooked, leading to delayed diagnoses and poorer outcomes. Raising awareness about male breast cancer is important, as early detection can significantly improve survival rates. Understanding the symptoms, risk factors and the social stigma surrounding the disease is key to encouraging more men to seek timely medical attention.

Understanding Male Breast Cancer

Breast cancer in men develops in the small amount of breast tissue they have. Just like in women, the cancer begins when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably and form a tumor. The most common type of breast cancer found in men is invasive ductal carcinoma, where cancer cells start in the ducts and spread to nearby tissue.

Men typically develop breast cancer between the ages of 60 and 70, but it can occur at younger ages. Risk factors include a family history of breast cancer, especially if they carry BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations (which can be tested for), exposure to radiation, high levels of estrogen, and conditions like Klinefelter syndrome, a genetic occurrence of a male having an extra X chromosome. Obesity, liver disease and excessive alcohol consumption are also linked to an increased risk. Awareness of these risk factors can help men better understand their chances of developing the disease.

Symptoms to Look For

The symptoms of breast cancer in men are similar to those experienced by women. One of the earliest signs is a lump or thickening in the breast tissue, which is usually painless. Other symptoms include nipple inversion, skin changes, such as redness or scaling, and swelling or pain in the breast area.

Because breast cancer is not typically associated with men, many overlook or ignore these symptoms. They may dismiss a lump, think of it as a small injury, or believe that breast cancer only happens to women, leading to delayed diagnoses. In many cases, men don’t seek medical advice until the cancer has advanced, making treatment more complicated and less effective. As is the case for women, awareness of these symptoms and the importance of seeking medical attention early can save lives.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosing breast cancer in men involves similar procedures used for women, including physical exams, mammograms, ultrasounds and biopsies. Once diagnosed, the cancer is typically classified by its stage, ranging from localized to more advanced stages where the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.

Treatment for male breast cancer also mirrors that of female breast cancer and can include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapies. In most cases, a mastectomy is performed to remove the tumor and surrounding breast tissue. Hormonal therapy may be used in cases where the cancer cells are hormone receptor-positive, meaning they grow in response to estrogen or progesterone.

The Impact of Social Stigma

One of the biggest barriers to early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer in men is the social stigma surrounding it. Men may feel embarrassed or uncomfortable discussing it, believing that breast cancer is a “woman’s disease.” This misconception can prevent them from seeking help at the earliest signs.

Additionally, there can be a sense of isolation for men who are diagnosed with breast cancer. Support groups and resources are often geared toward women, leaving male patients feeling left out, unsupported, or like they need to keep it a secret from friends and family. This lack of awareness and available resources can contribute to the psychological burden of having breast cancer as a man, and subsequently, having to deal with it alone.

The stigma can also affect public health messaging, as most breast cancer awareness campaigns are aimed at women. This lack of representation can make it harder for men to recognize their own risk and understand the importance of self-examination and early detection.

Survival Rates and Statistics

While male breast cancer is rare, its outcomes can be severe due to delayed diagnoses. According to the American Cancer Society, about 2,700 men are diagnosed with breast cancer in the United States each year, and approximately 530 die from the disease annually. These numbers may seem small compared to the more than 250,000 women diagnosed each year, but they highlight the seriousness of the disease for men.

Survival rates for male breast cancer are lower than for women, largely because men tend to be diagnosed at a later stage when the cancer has already spread. However, if detected early, the five-year survival rate for men with localized breast cancer is about 97%. This underscores the importance of raising awareness and promoting early detection.

By breaking down the stigma, encouraging men to seek medical advice for any unusual symptoms, and providing more support tailored to male patients, we can improve the outlook for men diagnosed with breast cancer. Early detection saves lives, regardless of gender.

4 Things Everyone Should Know Before Scuba Diving

By
Emma Radebaugh
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A silver scuba diving tank and breathing gear sit alone on a white-sand beach that overlooks a clear blue ocean.

Scuba diving offers a thrilling peek into an underwater world of life and wonder. It’s an enticing activity for many adventurers, but before you take the plunge, there are several crucial things you should know. As with any activity, the more you understand about scuba diving, the more you know what to expect for a safe and enjoyable experience. Let’s delve into the things everyone should know before scuba diving.

What Scuba Diving Entails

There are numerous ways to explore the underwater world, and scuba diving is a popular one. This activity involves diving underwater with a self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA), which allows you to breathe compressed air, known as Nitrox.

While it’s easy to assume that all diving is the same, it’s important to note that scuba diving differs from deep-sea diving. The former generally has diving limits of 40 meters, while deep-sea divers may go over 100 meters underwater. Therefore, scuba diving is far more accessible to the general public, making it a fun activity for many.

The Importance of Certification

Before you can start scuba diving, most companies require you to have certifications, such as PADI (Professional Association of Diving Instructors). Receiving certifications shows how far underwater you can dive and in what conditions.

To receive your certificates, you’ll have to attend a diving course that covers the basics of scuba diving, safety protocols, and equipment operation. These courses may vary in length depending on the level of certification you desire, but most take only a few days.

Finding the Right Place

Choosing the right location for your first dives can significantly improve your experience. For instance, you can explore Charlie’s Shoal in St Martin or Cades Reef in Antigua in the Caribbean. However, you can also go abroad; other countries, such as Indonesia, Egypt, and Thailand, offer breathtaking diving opportunities.

As you decide on the ideal location, consider the type of marine life you want to encounter and other activities you want to do on the trip. Additionally, research the weather patterns and diving conditions at your desired location to ensure a safe and enjoyable experience.

Being Aware of Your Surroundings

Another thing everyone should know before scuba diving is that you must remain vigilant. Nature is gorgeous, and it can be easy to get caught up in the beauty of underwater life, but it’s essential to stay aware of your surroundings. Pay attention to your dive guide and other divers in your group and any potential dangers, such as currents and marine life.

By remaining aware, you’re also more likely to embrace each moment, which can enhance your overall experience. Diving with a clear mind and focus allows you to fully immerse yourself in the underwater world.

The Best Caribbean Islands for Outdoor Excursions

By
Emma Radebaugh
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An Aruban beach coastline in the Caribbean Islands. Deep blue, whitecapped waves crash into the rocky shoreline.

The islands have something to offer every adventurer, whether you’re looking for hiking, snorkeling, or off-roading adventures. In this guide, we’ll explore the best Caribbean islands for outdoor excursions to help you discover hidden gems that promise exciting experiences.

Hiking Through the Lush Trails of Dominica

Dominica, also known as the “Nature Island,” is a paradise for hikers. Its untouched rainforests and towering peaks provide the perfect backdrop for adventure. One popular hiking spot is the trail to Boiling Lake, the second-largest hot lake in the world.

This strenuous hike takes you through sulfur springs, tropical vegetation, and steep inclines, but the reward is worth the effort. Dominica’s waterfalls, such as Trafalgar Falls, are also ideal for nature lovers seeking outdoor excursions. Dominica should be on your list if you love hiking and exploring dense, beautiful forests.

Zip-Lining in St. Lucia’s Rainforests

St. Lucia combines adventure with stunning scenery, making it one of the best Caribbean islands for outdoor excursions. Zip-lining through the island’s rainforests is an exhilarating way to take in the lush landscapes and views of the Pitons, St. Lucia’s iconic twin peaks.

Several adventure parks offer a variety of zip-line tours, including courses that cross over waterfalls and rivers. After your zip-lining adventure, explore the island’s geothermal attractions, such as the Sulphur Springs, or hike the Gros Piton for more excitement.

Kayaking Through the Bioluminescent Bays of Puerto Rico

Visit Puerto Rico and kayak through its bioluminescent bays for a magical experience. The two most famous bays, Mosquito Bay on Vieques Island and Laguna Grande in Fajardo offer a surreal sight as the water glows in response to your movement.

This natural phenomenon creates a stunning display at night. Paddling through these glowing waters under the stars is an unforgettable outdoor excursion that only a few places in the world can offer.

The Best Island for Off-Roading Adventures: Aruba

Aruba is a top destination for off-roading enthusiasts. With its rugged desert landscape and scenic coastline, you can explore the island’s hidden corners on a UTV or ATV. Arikok National Park, which covers nearly 20% of the island, offers exciting off-road trails where you can encounter wildlife and natural formations, such as the Natural Pool.

Knowing important UTV safety tips and wearing protective gear will help you prevent accidents while navigating the rocky terrain. Aruba’s off-road adventures provide a unique way to see the island’s wilder side.

Snorkeling and Diving in the Cayman Islands

The Cayman Islands are a top destination for underwater adventurers. The Cayman Islands is known for its crystal-clear waters and diverse marine life and is an ideal destination for snorkeling and diving. Sites such as Stingray City allow you to get up close and personal with gentle stingrays, while the famous Kittiwake Shipwreck offers a unique diving experience. The reefs around the islands are teeming with colorful fish and coral, making the Cayman Islands a must-visit for anyone who wants to explore the beauty beneath the water’s surface.

The Caribbean has something for every type of adventurer, whether you prefer exploring on land or under the sea. The best Caribbean islands for outdoor excursions offer endless possibilities for discovery and excitement. Pack your bags, lace up your hiking boots, and get ready to experience the outdoors in paradise!

Top Industries That Offer Travel Opportunities

By
Emma Radebaugh
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0

Travel is more than just a blissful experience; it’s an industry that influences countless sectors, making it an exciting and rewarding career path. From hospitality and tourism to technology, each sector plays a pivotal role in shaping the travel landscape. Are you job-searching or thinking about starting a more flexible career? Here are the top industries that offer many travel opportunities.

The World of Aviation

Few careers offer travel like aviation. Pilots and flight attendants explore continents and diverse cultures and enjoy exciting layovers. While the training is intense, the travel experiences and dynamic work environments are rewarding. Aircraft maintenance engineers play a crucial role in aviation safety, with their expertise allowing them to work globally and ensure smooth aircraft operations.

Health Care and Humanitarian Work

Travel nursing and humanitarian work let you explore new places while making a difference. Travel nurses fill temporary hospital shifts, meaning they must always have their essential items on hand and ready to go. Humanitarian workers offer essential aid in underserved areas. Both paths are challenging but rewarding and provide insight into global cultures and issues.

The Hospitality Industry

Hotel managers and travel agents are vital to the travel industry. Managers ensure guests enjoy their stay by overseeing operations and maintaining high service standards, often gaining opportunities with international chains. Travel agents create personalized experiences, using their own travel knowledge to enhance service. Both careers suit those passionate about travel and hospitality.

The Creative Arts

Photographers, videographers, and performing artists explore the world while pursuing their passions. Whether capturing cultural events and stunning landscapes, performing on international stages, or traveling to the island for inspiration, these careers blend art with travel. They offer the freedom to document and entertain, sharing stories with diverse audiences globally.

The Education Sector

Teaching abroad and engaging in academic research are fantastic travel and cultural immersion avenues. Educators have the chance to significantly impact students’ lives while experiencing the local culture and learning new languages. Through research, educators can share their findings, network, and collaborate internationally.

The Technology Industry

IT consultants manage tech solutions globally, often traveling to client sites to experience diverse work cultures. This career suits tech-savvy problem solvers. With the rise of remote work, digital nomads can work from anywhere, allowing for the flexibility to travel while maintaining their careers.

Food and Beverage Industry

For culinary chefs and beverage experts, the world is a classroom. Chefs explore global cuisines and techniques through international kitchens or culinary festivals. Sommeliers and brewers travel to vineyards and distilleries to master production techniques and taste unique flavors. This adventurous career allows them to dive into new culinary traditions while honing their skills.

Work doesn’t have to be boring. By choosing a career that includes travel opportunities, you’ll develop a global perspective, enhance your skills, and create unforgettable memories. This way, you can take your talents beyond your home base and grow connections all across the world.

A Conversation with Author Suzan Palumbo on Sci-Fi, Vengeance and Caribbean Roots in Her New Book, Countess

By
Hannah Gulics
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Suzan Palumbo is a Nebula, World Fantasy, Aurora, and Locus Award-nominated speculative fiction writer and editor. Originally from Trinidad and Tobago, she grew up in the west end of Toronto, Canada. Her debut short story collection, Skin Thief: Stories, was published in 2023 by Neon Hemlock Press, and her debut novella, Countess, is out now from ECW Press.

A queer, Caribbean, anti-colonial sci-fi novella, Countess follows Virika Sameroo, a first lieutenant in the Æerbot Empire’s merchant marine, who is wrongfully imprisoned for her captain’s murder. Betrayed by the empire she served, Virika embarks on a mission of revenge to dismantle the oppressive regime that has subjugated her people for generations, with their fate hanging in the balance.

We spoke to the author and got the scoop on her background in the fantasy world, social and political themes, and all things Countess.

A Conversation with Author Suzan Palumbo on Sci-Fi, Vengeance and Caribbean Roots in Her New Book, Countess

How did you get into writing?

I’ve been a lifelong lover of stories and reading. I was an ESL teacher for many years before I decided to become a writer. I started submitting stories for publication in 2015 and have been writing stories ever since.

I am a speculative fiction writer, writing primarily in the horror, dark fantasy, and science fiction genres. My short stories and other works often explore issues surrounding transformation, identity, race, immigration, sexual orientation, and gender through a gothic lens. Trinidadian folklore and culture play a large role in a lot of my work, along with hauntings and the natural world.

Can you tell us a little bit about your new book, Countess?

Countess is partially inspired by my love of The Count of Monte Cristo, a book that captured my imagination at a young age. It takes the premise of the classic by Dumas and diverges from it to reflect the journey of a queer Caribbean woman and her experiences. It is also inspired by my own personal history and the history of the Caribbean region. Themes of injustice, oppression, personal versus collective revenge, revolution, and liberation are integral to the novella. It is a deeply anticolonial story.

The book and the protagonist are very close to my heart. A lot of my experiences as an immigrant and member of the Caribbean diaspora went into crafting Virika Sameroo. I had never seen an Indo-Caribbean character portrayed in a long-form speculative work before, and I wanted to write a book that would provide that representation for readers who needed it. On a fun note, I wanted to see Trinidadian food in space. I love my food, and I wanted to see people eating roti and curry in the future!

What drew you to explore the sci-fi genre for this novella?

A lot of my work before Countess would be considered horror and dark fantasy. Those works focused largely on interpersonal conflicts and used supernatural elements to explore them. While Countess does delve into personal conflict, the novella also takes on much broader themes related to structural injustice. For example, I was interested in portraying labor solidarity in the future. I also wanted to write a book that had some semblance of the world we live in now. Science fiction was better suited to those goals.

Walk us through your process of creating a fictional universe while addressing social and political themes

I approach writing science fiction as a method of critiquing current sociopolitical concerns. Yes, Countess contains fun adventure, spaceships, swashbuckling, and romance, but built into all of those aspects of the book are concerns that Caribbean immigrants face today in Canada. Issues of racism, poverty, and discrimination are not ones that disappear simply because “it’s the future.” If we build future societies with the same colonial attitudes that we have now, the same injustices will persist. The only difference will be that instead of facing prejudice at your office job, you will encounter it on your space flight.

With that in mind, I created an interplanetary empire that had a resource-based economy and interwove all of the concerns I’ve witnessed people I love and my community grapple with.

Talk about how you approached blending Caribbean history with fiction

The parallels between the potential colonization of outer space and the brutal colonial projects set up by the British and other European empires in the Caribbean region are undeniable, in my opinion. Even the language used to discuss future space colonization mimics that used by colonists of the past—settlements, colonies, resource extraction, and the idea that space exploration is our “destiny” all echo sentiments used to rationalize and justify the appropriation of land and wealth.

Currently, private companies are developing commercial space flights and trips. This recalls the commercial interests that fueled colonial expansion in the past. The rush to send probes and rovers to planets in our solar system by governments mimics the search to be the first to “discover” and claim new trade routes, resources, and territories.

As a result, I feel the Caribbean, like many regions that have been colonized, and its history are very relevant when considering the implications of what could happen if humanity leaves Earth in search of new planets to inhabit. I think it’s completely plausible, with capitalism as the driving force behind these “ambitions,” that we will see similar injustices play out to serve exploitative projects in space.

Virika Sameroo, the protagonist of Countess, is a descendant of Trinidadians who indentured themselves to escape climate catastrophe in the Caribbean. Her journey parallels that of her ancestors, who were enslaved and indentured and brought to the Caribbean by the British Empire to work plantations for the empire’s material benefit. Virika and her allies’ push for freedom from the Æerbot Empire is analogous to, and references, the historical struggle for independence among all of the Caribbean nations. Countess is steeped in Caribbean history because I sincerely believe Caribbean history should be at the forefront of any discussion of future space colonization.

How do your cultural roots influence the world-building and characters in your work?

I was born in Trinidad, and I grew up in a very vibrant Caribbean immigrant neighborhood in the west end of Toronto. My parents immersed me in Trinidadian culture. I grew up eating Trinidadian food and listening to Soca, Calypso, Reggae, and Chutney music. My mother told me stories about jumbies, douens, soucouyants, la diablesse, and all of our folklore. My family never stopped speaking dialect when they arrived. We maintained close ties with our family in Trinidad and still do to this day.

I’ve often been told that my way of speaking and approaching the world feels Trinidadian. I can’t describe exactly what that means, but it feels like a correct assessment. My roots are not buried. I live Trinidadian culture every day. It is a part of my life, and it is present as I navigate living in Canada and being a naturalized Canadian citizen. It is part of the fabric of who I am, so it’s more than an influence—it’s inseparable from everything I do and create.

A Conversation with Author Suzan Palumbo on Sci-Fi, Vengeance and Caribbean Roots in Her New Book, Countess

How did you develop Virika’s character arc, and what message do you hope readers take away from her quest for justice?

Spoiler ahead

Edmund Dantès’ character arc in The Count of Monte Cristo served as my starting point for Virika. They both suffer injustice and have their lives destroyed by political scheming, corruption, and jealousies. But while Edmund plots cunning, personal revenge against the people who have harmed him, Virika, who is a queer immigrant woman of color, realizes that the injustices inflicted upon her are both personal and structural.

What’s happened to her could happen to anyone like her. In fact, she witnesses it happening to others. When Virika manages to free herself, she wants to exact revenge on those who have ruined her life, but she also recognizes that her community will always be vulnerable to this type of violence. She wants to protect and help the Antilleans.

This is something I watched people like my mother and other Caribbean women do while I was growing up. They’d take care of those who needed help because that’s how they ensured their community thrived. They also spread joy everywhere they went! Virika’s ultimate enemy is the empire, and her revenge is aimed at destroying it so that it will not hurt her people ever again.

The message I hope readers take away from Countess is that ensuring justice and equality for all is a worthy goal, even when all hope seems lost. Also, that human dignity and the inherent value of life are not negotiable.

What’s next on the horizon?

I am currently at work on a full-length Trinidadian-Canadian Edwardian Gothic novel, which I hope to have completed by the end of the year. This book is going to tie together one of Trinidad’s major creation myths and incorporate a queer love story and a lake monster! I’m back to my full-blown gothic horror origins with this one, and I’m excited to get it finished!

Celebrating 6 Latin Caribbean Icons for Hispanic Heritage Month

By
Hannah Gulics
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0
Photos: @ozuna on IG, VOGUE Taiwan via Wikimedia and @JLO on IG

As we celebrate Hispanic Heritage Month, let’s recognize the influence of not just Latin Caribbean giants in history, but also of today’s Latin Caribbean culture and its icons on the global stage. From musicians and politicians to actors and activists, these Latin Caribbean icons continue to inspire new generations. 

Celebrating 6 Latin Caribbean Icons for Hispanic Heritage Month
Photo: Toglenn, via Wikimedia

1. Bad Bunny | Puerto Rico

Puerto Rican reggaeton and trap artist Bad Bunny has revolutionized the Latin music industry with hits like “Dákiti,” “Yo Perreo Solo” and the chart topping crossover hit “I Like It” with Cardi B. He has been nominated for nine Grammy Awards, winning three: Best Latin Pop or Urban Album in 2021, Best Música Urbana Album in 2022, and a third in 2023. Bad Bunny also has nominations and wins from the American Music Awards, ASCAP Latin Awards, Billboard Music Awards, the iHeartRadio Music Awards and various others, with his total win count at a staggering 181 awards out of 481 nominations.

Beyond music, Bad Bunny is known for his unapologetic advocacy of social issues, including LGBTQ+ rights and gender equality, and for using his platform to champion marginalized voices.

Celebrating 6 Latin Caribbean Icons for Hispanic Heritage Month
(Public Domain)

2. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez | Puerto Rico

Known as AOC, Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez is the youngest woman ever elected to the U.S. Congress, where she represents New York’s 14th Congressional District. With Puerto Rican heritage, AOC is a progressive leader in the Democratic Party, advocating for policies that address climate change, economic inequality and racial justice. Her bold stance on important issues and her use of social media to communicate directly with constituents make her a trailblazer in American politics.

Celebrating 6 Latin Caribbean Icons for Hispanic Heritage Month
Chrisallmeid, via Wikimedia

3. Cardi B | Dominican Republic/Trinidad

Belcalis Marlenis Almánzar, better known as Cardi B, has skyrocketed to fame with her unfiltered personality and chart-topping hits like “Bodak Yellow” and “WAP.” Born to a Dominican father and a Trinidadian mother, Cardi B’s dual Caribbean heritage is reflected in her music and attitude. As a rapper, actress and social media personality, she has broken down barriers for women in hip-hop and is known for speaking out on political and social issues affecting the Latino and Black communities.

Celebrating 6 Latin Caribbean Icons for Hispanic Heritage Month
Photo via @ozuna on IG

4. Ozuna | Dominican Republic/Puerto Rico

Born to a Puerto Rican mother and Dominican father, Ozuna is one of the most successful Latin music artists of the last decade. Known for songs like “Taki Taki” and “Baila Baila Baila,” he’s become a leading figure in the Latin urban music scene. Ozuna’s clean-cut image and global reach have made him a favorite among fans, transcending borders and cultures. 

Ozuna has won 12 Billboard Latin Music Awards, including prestigious titles like Artist of the Year and Hot Latin Artist of the Year, Male. He secured two Latin Grammy Awards and six Latin American Music Awards, and was recognized as the Contemporary Latin Songwriter of the Year at the BMI Latin Awards. 

He holds four Guinness World Records, including most weeks at number one on Billboard’s Top Latin Albums chart for his album Odisea, and most Billboard Latin Music Award wins in a single year with 11 in 2019. He also set records for most nominations in a single year and most videos reaching one billion views on YouTube.

Celebrating 6 Latin Caribbean Icons for Hispanic Heritage Month
(Public Domain)

5. Sonia Sotomayor | Puerto Rico

Sonia Sotomayor’s journey to the U.S. Supreme Court is a story of resilience and excellence. Raised in a working-class Puerto Rican family in the Bronx, she overcame early challenges, including the death of her father when she was nine, to pursue a career in law. After graduating as valedictorian from high school, she earned a scholarship to Princeton and later attended Yale Law School. Her early career as a prosecutor and private attorney solidified her reputation as a sharp legal mind. She was appointed to the federal bench by George H. W. Bush and later to the U.S. Court of Appeals by Bill Clinton before President Obama appointed her to the Supreme Court in 2009.

As a justice, Sotomayor has consistently advocated for marginalized communities, supporting affirmative action, LGBTQ+ rights, and healthcare access. Her historic appointment marked her as the first Hispanic and third woman to serve on the Supreme Court, where she continues to champion equity and justice for all.

Celebrating 6 Latin Caribbean Icons for Hispanic Heritage Month
Photo via @jlo on IG

6. Jennifer Lopez | Puerto Rico

One of the most iconic Latin entertainers of all time, Jennifer Lopez (J.Lo) continues to push boundaries in music, film and fashion. From her breakout role in Selena to chart-topping hits like “On the Floor,” J.Lo has consistently represented her Puerto Rican heritage while dominating mainstream pop culture. As an actress, singer and entrepreneur, she has broken glass ceilings for Latinx artists, serving as a global ambassador for the power of the Latin community.

Lopez originally began her rise to fame as a Fly Girl dancer on In Living Color in 1991. Transitioning to acting, she earned critical acclaim for portraying Selena in the 1997 biopic, earning her a Golden Globe nomination. Lopez was the first Latin actress to earn over $1 million for a film role. A Hollywood heartthrob, she has starred in various romantic comedies, including hits like The Wedding Planner (2001) alongside Matthew McConaughey, The Back-up Plan (2010), and Shotgun Wedding (2022). 

Her music career took off with her debut album On the 6 (1999), with hits like “Waiting for Tonight” and “Let’s Get Loud,” both receiving Grammy nominations. Lopez’s second album J.Lo (2001) solidified her pop stardom.

In addition to her entertainment career, Lopez has been honored for her fashion influence and humanitarian efforts. Notably, she received the GLAAD Vanguard Award and the Fashion Icon Award from the Council of Fashion Designers of America. She also has her own self-named skincare line called JLo Beauty®.

Gearing up for Miami Carnival 2024

By
Hannah Gulics
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0
Photo by David I Muir

Every year, Miami and Broward transform into a hub of color, music, and culture for the annual Miami Carnival, one of the largest celebrations of Caribbean culture in the United States. 

Now in its 40th year, Miami Carnival is planning a bigger and better extravaganza than ever. The event continues to be a community cornerstone, with people traveling from around the world to participate in a celebration of the resilience and creativity of a people who have, for centuries, used music, dance, and art to tell their stories, assert their identity, and build a sense of community.

The Origins of Miami Carnival

Miami Carnival traces its origins back to the traditional Carnival celebrations of the Caribbean, which themselves have roots in European and African customs. The pre-Lenten festivities that began in Trinidad and Tobago and spread throughout the Caribbean are the foundation upon which Miami Carnival is built. These celebrations were originally brought to the Caribbean by French settlers in the 18th century, but over time, they evolved into unique cultural expressions as enslaved Africans incorporated their own music, dance, and masquerade traditions.

The first Miami Carnival was held in 1985, organized by a group of Caribbean immigrants who wanted to bring the vibrant energy of their homelands to their new city. Over the decades, the event has grown in size and scope, attracting tens of thousands of participants and spectators from around the world. Today, Miami Carnival is a week-long celebration that culminates in a grand parade, showcasing the diversity and creativity of the Caribbean diaspora.

Gearing up for Miami Carnival 2024
Photo by David I Muir

Key Events and Activities

Miami Carnival is more than just a single event. It is a series of activities that highlight different aspects of Caribbean culture. These events provide a platform for both established and emerging Caribbean artists, musicians, and designers to showcase their talents.

Panorama

The festivities kick off with Panorama, a steelpan competition that originated in Trinidad and Tobago in the early 1960s. The steelpan, an instrument created in Trinidad by descendants of enslaved Africans, became a symbol of resistance and identity. After the steelpan’s development in the mid-20th century, the Panorama competition was established in 1963 as part of Trinidad and Tobago’s Carnival celebrations. The event highlights the ingenuity of steel bands as they compete with complex musical arrangements. 

Today, steelpan orchestras head to Broward County Regional Park from across the region and the diaspora compete to deliver the most impressive performances that have become synonymous with Carnival.

Junior Carnival

As part of the effort to pass down traditions to younger generations, Miami Carnival includes a Junior Carnival, where children don colorful costumes and take to the streets in their own parade. 

This event takes place at Broward County Regional Park on the weekend before the Miami Carnival Road March. The concept of Junior Carnival started gaining popularity in the mid-20th century, particularly in Trinidad and Tobago, where children dress in elaborate costumes, participate in parades, and enjoy the festivities just like adults. This event is not only a fun day for families but also an important cultural experience for Caribbean-American youth, helping them connect with their heritage.

Gearing up for Miami Carnival 2024
Photo by David I Muir

J’ouvert

A highlight of the Carnival season, J’ouvert is a pre-dawn celebration that marks the official start of the main Carnival day. J’ouvert, derived from the French term “jour ouvert,” meaning “daybreak,” marks the official start of Carnival in many Caribbean islands. Its origins trace back to the 18th and 19th centuries, during the period of slavery and the French colonial rule. Enslaved Africans would hold their own celebrations in the early hours before the elite’s masquerade balls, often using paint, mud, and oil to mask their identities as they mocked and parodied the upper class. 

Now, on the day before Miami Carnival each year, you can find revelers covered in paint and mud dancing in the streets in the early morning around the rodeway at the Broward County Regional Park. 

Gearing up for Miami Carnival 2024
Photo by David I Muir

Mas Bands Parade

The Mas Bands Parade, or Mas (short for Masquerade), is the centerpiece of Miami Carnival. Its origins lie in the traditions of the enslaved Africans brought to the Caribbean, who incorporated elements of their cultural heritage, such as masquerade, music, and dance, into their Carnival celebrations. Over time, these traditions blended with European customs, particularly the masquerade balls of the French and Spanish colonizers.

By the 19th century, the modern Mas Bands Parade began to take shape, where participants don elaborate, thematic costumes and parade through the streets. Each “band” represents a group of people in coordinated costumes, often competing for various titles based on creativity, execution, and thematic presentation. Today, Mas is a symbol of freedom, creativity, and cultural pride. And the costumes, often months in the making, are a dazzling display of artistry, featuring vibrant colors, feathers, beads and sequins. 

Every year, each mas band embraces a theme that resonates with the collective experiences and aspirations of the Caribbean people. With more than 20 bands featuring themes like “The Sounds of Music” to “Ravenous” and “Night at the Louvre” there are so many costumes to explore. 

Carnival Village

At the heart of Miami Carnival is the Carnival Village, where attendees can immerse themselves in Caribbean culture. The village features food vendors offering traditional Caribbean dishes, arts and crafts stalls, and live performances by Caribbean artists. 

As Miami Carnival continues to grow and evolve, it remains a vital link between the Caribbean and its diaspora. Whether you are a longtime participant or a newcomer, Miami Carnival offers a unique and unforgettable experience that celebrates the very best of the Caribbean.

4 Prominent Hispanic-Caribbean Figures in History

By
Hannah Gulics
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0

Throughout history, several Hispanic-Caribbean individuals have risen to prominence, making significant contributions to politics, literature, music, social movements and more. This Hispanic Heritage Month, we’re taking a look at some of these influential figures.

4 Prominent Hispanic-Caribbean Figures in History - José Martí

Cuba. Secretaría de Instrucción Pública y Bellas Artes., via Wikimedia

José Martí: The Voice of Cuban Independence

José Martí, often referred to as the “Apostle of Cuban Independence,” was a poet, journalist, philosopher and revolutionary who played a crucial role in the fight for Cuba’s independence from Spanish rule. Born in Havana in 1853, Martí’s writings and speeches advocated for freedom, justice and equality. His seminal work, “Versos Sencillos,” reflects his deep love for Cuba and his commitment to social justice. Martí’s efforts culminated in the Cuban War of Independence in 1895, though he tragically died in battle shortly after it began. His legacy endures in Cuba and beyond, with his ideas and writings continuing to inspire movements for freedom and independence across Latin America and the Caribbean. 

4 Prominent Hispanic-Caribbean Figures in History - Julia de Burgos
“Notable Hispanic American Women”, by: Gale group, 1998; ISBN-13: 9780787620684; Photo source: Curbstone Press, via Wikimedia

Julia de Burgos: Puerto Rico’s Literary Icon

Julia de Burgos, one of Puerto Rico’s most celebrated poets, is renowned for her passionate and socially conscious writings. Born in 1914 in Carolina, Puerto Rico, de Burgos used her poetry to challenge the political and social norms of her time, addressing issues such as colonialism, women’s rights and social inequality. Her work, including the iconic poem “Río Grande de Loíza,” is deeply personal yet universally resonant, reflecting the struggles and hopes of the Puerto Rican people. De Burgos’s life was marked by tragedy, including her untimely death in New York City at the age of 39. However, her influence on Puerto Rican literature and her role as a feminist and nationalist icon have only grown over time.

4 Prominent Hispanic-Caribbean Figures in History - Celia Cruz
Public Domain, via Wikimedia

Celia Cruz: The Queen of Salsa

Celia Cruz, known worldwide as the “Queen of Salsa,” is one of the most influential figures in Latin music. Born in Havana, Cuba, in 1925, Cruz’s voice and magnetic stage presence helped to popularize salsa music around the globe. Throughout her six-decade career, Cruz recorded more than 70 albums and won numerous awards, including three Grammy Awards and four Latin Grammy Awards. Her signature catchphrase, “¡Azúcar!” (Sugar!), became synonymous with her vibrant personality and zest for life. Cruz’s music not only entertained millions but also played a crucial role in preserving and promoting Afro-Cuban culture, making her a beloved figure in the Caribbean and beyond.

4 Prominent Hispanic-Caribbean Figures in History - Pedro Albizu Campos
Public domain, via Wikimedia

Pedro Albizu Campos: Champion of Puerto Rican Nationalism

Pedro Albizu Campos was a Puerto Rican attorney and politician who became the most prominent leader of the Puerto Rican independence movement. Born in 1893 in Ponce, Puerto Rico, Albizu Campos was a brilliant student who studied at Harvard University before returning to Puerto Rico to advocate for its independence from the United States. As the leader of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party, Albizu Campos organized numerous protests and uprisings, including the 1950 Jayuya Uprising, which sought to overthrow U.S. control of the island.

Despite being imprisoned multiple times for his activism, Albizu Campos remained a steadfast advocate for Puerto Rican sovereignty until his death in 1965. Today, he is remembered as a symbol of resistance and an early champion of the island’s right to self-determination.

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ISLAND ORIGINS MAGAZINE is a lifestyle brand that reflects the Caribbean American community. It celebrates the accomplishments and seeks the advice of our high achievers, explores the complex social issues that affect us and our neighbors, and enjoys the frivolities of design, fashion and entertainment inspired by our colorful cultures.

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